20 Best 10K Puff Vapes in the UK
Beginners Guide to Vaping

20 Best 10K Puff Vapes in the UK 2026: The Complete Expert Guide

0 comments

The UK vape market has completely transformed since the disposable ban. And if there's one category that's exploded in popularity, it's the 10,000 puff vape. These devices give you the simplicity of a disposable with the longevity and value of a reusable kit — no refilling bottles, no changing coils, just click in a pod and vape for days or even weeks.

I've tested every single device on this list. Some for days, some for weeks. I've also spoken to shop owners who sell hundreds of these a week and read through hundreds of customer reviews on UK vape forums. This isn't a list of random products — it's a curated selection of the best 10K puff devices you can buy right now, based on real-world performance.

Whether you're switching from disposables or looking for a reliable daily driver, this guide has you covered. Let's get into it.

 

What Is a 10K Puff Vape — And How Do They Work?

Before we get to the list, it's worth understanding what makes a 10K puff vape different from a standard disposable.

Most 10K devices use a dual-chamber system: a 2ml prefilled pod (the legal TPD limit) plus a separate 10ml refill container that feeds the pod automatically as you vape. Together, that's 12ml of e-liquid — roughly the same as 16 standard 600-puff disposables.

The battery is rechargeable via USB-C, so you're not throwing the whole device away when the battery dies. You keep the battery, replace the pod and refill container when they're empty, and carry on.

This is how 10K puff vapes stay fully UK TPD compliant while delivering massive puff counts. They're not disposables — they're rechargeable prefilled pod kits. And they're the closest thing to a disposable experience you can legally buy in the UK today.

 

What Makes a Great 10K Puff Vape?

With so many options, it helps to know what actually matters. Here's what I look for:

  • Battery capacity: At least 1000mAh for a full day of heavy use. Some on this list go up to 2000mAh.
  • Mesh coil technology: Delivers richer flavour and prevents burnt hits. Every device here uses mesh coils.
  • Clear e-liquid visibility: Transparent tanks or LED indicators so you know when you're running low.
  • Simple pod changes: Magnetic connections and click-in pods — no mess, no fuss.
  • Adjustable airflow or power modes: Lets you dial in your perfect draw, from tight MTL to airier RDTL.
  • Widely available replacement pods: A great device is useless if you can't find pods for it.

Every device on this list ticks all these boxes. Some tick more than others. Let's get into them.


IVG Pro 10000 Prefilled Pod Kit

1. IVG Pro 12 10000 — The Best All-Rounder

The IVG Pro 10000 is consistently one of the best-selling 10K devices in the UK, and after testing it, I can see why. It delivers a reliable, consistent vape every single time — no dry hits, no leaking, no fuss.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1000mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | LED display | MTL draw

The 1000mAh battery easily lasts a full day of moderate to heavy use, and the LED display shows your battery level so you're never caught out. The mesh coil delivers rich, consistent flavour from the first puff to the last.

Who it's for: Anyone who wants a no-nonsense 10K device that just works. Perfect for ex-disposable users and daily vapers.

🔌 Compatible with:

IVG Smart Max 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

2. IVG Smart Max 10K — Best for Flavour Variety

The IVG Smart Max 10K takes everything great about the Pro 10000 and adds more. More flavours (31 options), more control (Boost and Eco modes), and a live puff counter on the LED display.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1000mAh battery | 12ml total (2ml + 10ml) | 20mg or 10mg nic salt | Mesh coil | Boost & Eco modes | LED display | 31 flavours

The Boost Mode gives you a stronger, warmer hit when you want it. Eco Mode stretches the battery and e-liquid further. The 10mg option is a nice touch for vapers who want to step down from 20mg.

Who it's for: Vapers who want flavour choice and a bit more control from their 10K device.

🔌 Compatible with:

Crystal Pro CP 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

3. Crystal Pro CP 10K — The Crystal Bar Experience

If you loved Crystal Bar disposables, the Crystal Pro CP 10K is the rechargeable version you've been waiting for. Same iconic flavours, same smooth draw, but with 10,000 puffs and a rechargeable battery.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | Rechargeable battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | MTL draw | TPD compliant

The Crystal Pro range is known for its bold, accurate flavours. Whether you go for Blue Razz Lemonade or Cherry Ice, you know exactly what you're getting. The 10K version delivers the same experience, just for far longer.

Who it's for: Crystal Bar fans who want to upgrade to a rechargeable device without losing their favourite flavours.

🔌 Compatible with:

Crystal Prime 10000 Aura Bar Vape Kit

4. Crystal Prime 10000 Aura Bar — Best Budget Option

The Crystal Prime 10000 Aura Bar is one of the cheapest ways to get into 10K vaping. At just £7.49, it delivers a solid 10,000 puffs with a smooth MTL draw and a comfortable, lightweight design.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 650mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | 1.0Ω mesh coil | 24+ flavours | Draw-activated

The 650mAh battery is smaller than some rivals, but it's designed to last through the entire 12ml of e-liquid. The mesh coil keeps flavour consistent, and there are 24+ flavours to choose from.

Who it's for: Budget-conscious vapers who want a reliable 10K device without spending a fortune.


Elf Bar Dual 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

5. Elf Bar Dual 10K — Best for Two Flavours

Can't decide between two flavours? The Elf Bar Dual 10K lets you load two pods at once and switch between them with a simple slider. It's a clever design that solves a real problem for vapers who like variety.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 850mAh battery | 2 x 5ml pods | 20mg nic salt | QUAQ mesh coil | Dual flavour switch | MTL draw | USB-C

The 850mAh battery is solid for a dual-pod device, and the QUAQ mesh coil delivers strong, consistent flavour. It's slightly bulkier than single-pod kits, but the dual-flavour convenience makes up for it.

Who it's for: Vapers who get bored easily and want two flavours on the go.

🔌 Compatible with:

Pyne Pod Click 10K Prefilled Vape Kit

6. Pyne Pod Click 10000 — Best Design & Display

The Pyne Pod Click 10K is the device you buy when you want something that looks as good as it performs. That cyberpunk-inspired design with visible circuit board elements is genuinely unique.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs (Normal) / 6,000 (Boost) | 900mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | 0.96" LED display | Adjustable airflow | Dual modes | Mesh coil

The 0.96" LED display shows battery percentage, e-liquid level, and puff count — no guessing. Adjustable airflow lets you go from a tight cigarette-like draw to something looser. Boost Mode delivers stronger hits when you want them.

Who it's for: Vapers who want a device that stands out from the crowd and offers real control.

🔌 Compatible with:

Memers WuKong V10000 Puffs Pod Kit

7. Memers WuKong V10000 — Best Dual Mesh Coil

The Memers WuKong V10000 packs a dual mesh coil into a sleek, ergonomic body. The result is richer, more intense flavour than you get from single-coil devices.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1000mAh battery | 2ml + 10ml tanks | 20mg nic salt | Dual mesh coil | 15+ flavours | LED display | MTL draw | TPD compliant

Dual mesh coils heat more evenly, which means better flavour and fewer dry hits. The 1000mAh battery easily lasts a full day. The LED display keeps you informed of battery level.

Who it's for: Flavour chasers who want the best possible taste from a 10K device.


IVG Nexio 10000 Puffs Prefilled Pod Kit

8. IVG Nexio 10000 — Best Auto-Refill System

The IVG Nexio 10000 is IVG's premium 10K device, and it shows. That aluminium body feels genuinely premium in the hand, and the auto-refill system keeps the coil saturated so you never get a dry hit.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1000mAh battery | 2ml pod + 8ml auto-refill | 20mg nic salt | 1.0Ω mesh coil | LED display | Draw-activated | MTL draw

The intelligent auto-refill system is the standout feature — the 8ml tank constantly feeds the 2ml pod, preventing dry hits and maintaining consistent flavour. The 1.0Ω mesh coil delivers smooth, flavour-rich vapour from first puff to last.

Who it's for: Vapers who want premium build quality and a hands-off refill experience.

🔌 Compatible with:

Vaporesso Dojo Blast 10K Prefilled Pod Vape Kit

9. Vaporesso Dojo Blast 10K — Best Flavour Technology

Vaporesso is one of the most respected names in vaping, and the Dojo Blast 10K shows why. The COREX 2.0 mesh coil is genuinely excellent — consistently rated as one of the best flavour-producing coils on the market.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 650mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | COREX 2.0 mesh coil | Boost Mode | Inhale activated | MTL draw

The 650mAh battery is smaller than some rivals, but it's designed to last through the full 12ml of e-liquid. The Boost Mode button on the base gives you a stronger hit when you want it. 25 flavours available.

Who it's for: Vapers who prioritise flavour quality above everything else.

🔌 Compatible with:

Titan X 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

10. Titan X 10K — Best Value (Buy 1 Get 1 Free)

At £10.99 with a Buy 1 Get 1 Free deal, the Titan X 10K works out to just £5.50 per device — making it one of the most affordable 10K options on this list.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1000mAh battery | 2ml pod + 3 x 5ml refill containers | 20mg nic salt | MTL draw | Anti-leak technology | Inhale activated

The 1000mAh battery is solid, and the anti-leak technology means you're not dealing with messy e-liquid in your pocket. The 3 x 5ml refill containers give you a total of 15ml of e-liquid — even more than the standard 12ml setup.

Who it's for: Budget-conscious vapers who want maximum value for money.

🔌 Compatible with:

Feoba Pro Plus 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

11. Feoba Pro Plus 10K — Best Adjustable Airflow

The Feoba Pro Plus 10K stands out for its adjustable airflow — a rare feature in the 10K prefilled pod category. You can dial it from a tight MTL draw to an airier DTL hit.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1400mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | Adjustable airflow | Smart screen | MTL & DTL | 20 flavours

The 1400mAh battery is one of the largest in its class — it'll easily last a full day, even with heavy use. The smart screen shows battery level and puff count. At £8.99 (3 for £24), it's excellent value for a device with this many features.

Who it's for: Vapers who want flexibility in their draw and a bigger battery.

🔌 Compatible with:

Juicy Pod Novamax 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

12. Juicy Pod Novamax 10K — Biggest Battery

The Juicy Pod Novamax 10K has the largest battery on this entire list — a massive 2000mAh. That's double what most 10K devices offer.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 2000mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Compact & ergonomic | USB-C | Made in China

At just £6.99 (down from £13.99), it's also one of the cheapest. The 2000mAh battery means you're charging far less often than with rivals, and the compact design makes it easy to carry.

Who it's for: Heavy vapers who are tired of constantly charging their device.

🔌 Compatible with:

Aladdin Pro Enjoy X 10000 Vape

13. Aladdin Pro Enjoy X 10000 — Best Compact Design

The Aladdin Pro Enjoy X 10000 is one of the smallest 10K devices you can buy. At just 10.5 × 5.4 × 2.8cm, it fits in even the smallest pocket.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 800mAh battery | 2ml + 10ml | 20mg nic salt | 0.8Ω mesh coil | Fast Type-C charging | TPD compliant

The 0.8Ω mesh coil delivers excellent flavour, and the compact size means you can take it anywhere. At £8.99 (3 for £24), it's solid value for a device this portable.

Who it's for: Vapers who want a pocket-friendly 10K device that doesn't compromise on performance.


JNR Fox 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

14. JNR Fox 10K — Best Compact Form Factor

The JNR Fox 10K is JNR's answer to the demand for a smaller, more pocketable 10K device. It keeps the same 10,000 puff capacity but in a much more compact package.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | Rechargeable battery | 2ml + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | MTL draw | Compact design

The Fox 10K is designed for vapers who don't want a bulky device. It's about the same size as a standard disposable, but delivers 10,000 puffs instead of 600.

Who it's for: Vapers who want maximum puff count in the smallest possible package.

🔌 Compatible with:

Bloody Bar Crystal 10000 Puff Vape

15. Bloody Bar Crystal 10000 — Best for Bold Flavours

The Bloody Bar Crystal 10000 is known for its bold, punchy flavours. If you like your vape to actually taste like something, this one delivers.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | Rechargeable battery | 2ml + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | MTL draw

Bloody Bar has built a reputation for strong, accurate flavour profiles. The Crystal 10000 continues that tradition with 10,000 puffs of consistent, bold taste.

Who it's for: Vapers who prioritise strong, accurate flavours over everything else.


VNSN Quake 10000 Puffs Prefilled Pod Kit

16. VNSN Quake 10000 — Biggest Battery on a Budget

The VNSN Quake 10000 packs a 1500mAh battery into a £7.99 device — that's outstanding value. The 360° LED breathing light and visible e-liquid tank are nice touches too.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1500mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml container | 20mg nic salt | 360° LED breathing light | Visible e-liquid tank | USB-C

The 1500mAh battery is larger than most 10K devices at this price point — it'll easily last a full day of heavy use. The visible e-liquid tank means you always know when you're running low.

Who it's for: Budget-conscious heavy vapers who need maximum battery life.


Gold Bar XL 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

17. Gold Bar XL 10K — Best Dual Mesh Coil (BOGOF)

The Gold Bar XL 10K is the rechargeable version of one of the UK's most popular disposables. With the Buy 1 Get 1 Free deal, you get 20,000 puffs for £9.99 — that's less than 0.05p per puff.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 1200mAh battery | 2ml pod + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Dual mesh coil | 15+ flavours | MTL draw | LED indicator

The 1200mAh battery is one of the largest in its class. The dual mesh coil delivers steadier flavour than single-coil rivals. And the Gold Bar flavour library means ex-disposable users get the exact tastes they're used to.

Who it's for: Gold Bar fans and value-seekers who want maximum puffs for their money.


Double Drip 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

18. Double Drip 10K — Best for E-Liquid Fans

Double Drip is one of the UK's most respected e-liquid brands, and the Double Drip 10K brings those same flavours into a prefilled pod format. If you already love Double Drip e-liquids, this is your 10K device.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | Rechargeable battery | 2ml + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | MTL draw

The flavour quality is exactly what you'd expect from Double Drip — rich, layered, and consistent. The 10K format means you can enjoy those flavours for days or weeks without refilling bottles.

Who it's for: Double Drip e-liquid fans who want a no-fuss prefilled option.

🔌 Compatible with:

Geek Bar Up 10000 Prefilled Pod Kit

19. Geek Bar Up 10000 — Best Geek Bar Alternative

Geek Bar is one of the biggest names in UK vaping, and the Geek Bar Up 10000 is their rechargeable 10K entry. If you're a Geek Bar fan looking to upgrade, this is the natural next step.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | Rechargeable battery | 2ml + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Mesh coil | MTL draw | Geek Bar flavour library

All the classic Geek Bar flavours are here — Blue Razz Ice, Strawberry Watermelon, and more — but in a device that delivers 10,000 puffs instead of 600. The mesh coil keeps flavour consistent throughout.

Who it's for: Geek Bar fans who want to upgrade to a rechargeable device without changing flavours.

🔌 Compatible with:

Vampire Vape 10K Prefilled Pod Kit

20. Vampire Vape 10K — Best Turbo Mode

Vampire Vape is a UK institution — they've been making e-liquids for over a decade. The Vampire Vape 10K brings that heritage into a prefilled pod device with a Turbo Mode that gives you a stronger, warmer hit when you want it.

Key Specs: Up to 10,000 puffs | 950mAh battery | 2ml + 10ml refill | 20mg nic salt | Dual mesh coil | Turbo Mode | Screen | MTL draw | Fixed airflow

The Turbo Mode delivers a noticeably stronger hit — great for when cravings are hitting hard. The screen shows battery and mode, so you always know where you stand. At £8.99 (3 for £24), it's excellent value from a brand with serious pedigree.

Who it's for: Vapers who want a strong, reliable hit from a trusted UK brand.

🔌 Compatible with:

Full Comparison — All 20 Devices Side by Side

# Device Battery E-Liquid Key Feature Price
1 IVG Pro 10000 1000mAh 12ml Best all-rounder £8.99
2 IVG Smart Max 10K 1000mAh 12ml 31 flavours, Boost/Eco £5.99 (3 for £15)
3 Crystal Pro CP 10K Rechargeable 12ml Crystal Bar flavours —
4 Crystal Prime 10000 650mAh 12ml Budget pick £7.49
5 Elf Bar Dual 10K 850mAh 10ml (2x5ml) Dual flavour switch £7.99 (3 for £21)
6 Pyne Pod Click 10K 900mAh 12ml Unique design + display £7.99 (3 for £21)
7 Memers WuKong V10000 1000mAh 12ml Dual mesh coil £8.99 (3 for £24)
8 IVG Nexio 10000 1000mAh 10ml Auto-refill system £8.99 (3 for £24)
9 Vaporesso Dojo Blast 10K 650mAh 12ml COREX 2.0 coil £8.99 (3 for £24)
10 Titan X 10K 1000mAh 17ml Buy 1 Get 1 Free £10.99 (BOGOF)
11 Feoba Pro Plus 10K 1400mAh 12ml Adjustable airflow £8.99 (3 for £24)
12 Juicy Pod Novamax 10K 2000mAh 12ml Biggest battery £6.99
13 Aladdin Pro Enjoy X 800mAh 12ml Compact design £8.99 (3 for £24)
14 JNR Fox 10K Rechargeable 12ml Compact form factor —
15 Bloody Bar Crystal 10000 Rechargeable 12ml Bold flavours —
16 VNSN Quake 10000 1500mAh 12ml LED breathing light £7.99 (3 for £21)
17 Gold Bar XL 10K 1200mAh 12ml Dual mesh + BOGOF £9.99 (BOGOF)
18 Double Drip 10K Rechargeable 12ml Double Drip flavours —
19 Geek Bar Up 10000 Rechargeable 12ml Geek Bar flavours —
20 Vampire Vape 10K 950mAh 12ml Turbo Mode £8.99 (3 for £24)

 

How to Choose the Right 10K Puff Vape for You

With 20 devices to choose from, here's a quick guide to narrow it down:

  • If you want the best all-rounder: Go for the IVG Pro 10000. It does everything well — great battery, consistent flavour, simple to use.
  • If you want maximum battery life: The Juicy Pod Novamax 10K (2000mAh) and Feoba Pro Plus 10K (1400mAh) are your best bets.
  • If you want flavour variety: The IVG Smart Max 10K has 31 flavours, while the Elf Bar Dual 10K lets you carry two flavours at once.
  • If you're on a tight budget: The Juicy Pod Novamax 10K at £6.99 or the IVG Smart Max 10K at £5.99 (3 for £15) are unbeatable value.
  • If you want premium build quality: The IVG Nexio 10000 with its aluminium body and auto-refill system is the premium choice.
  • If you want adjustable airflow: The Feoba Pro Plus 10K and Pyne Pod Click 10K are the only devices here with adjustable airflow.

 

Why 10K Puff Vapes Are the Sweet Spot in 2026

The 10K puff category has become the most popular choice for UK vapers for a few simple reasons:

  • They last weeks, not days: A 10K device gives you the same as 16 standard disposables. For a moderate vaper, that's two to three weeks of use.
  • They're legal and compliant: Every device on this list is UK TPD compliant with a 2ml pod and 10ml refill container.
  • They save you money: At £7-£10 per device, the cost per puff is dramatically lower than disposables.
  • They're better for the environment: You keep the battery and only replace the pod — less waste than throwing away a whole device every few days.
  • They're simple to use: No refilling bottles, no changing coils, no settings to learn. Click in a pod and vape.

 

FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions

 

Q. What is a 10K puff vape?

A 10K puff vape is a rechargeable prefilled pod kit that delivers up to 10,000 puffs. It uses a 2ml pod plus a 10ml refill container to stay TPD compliant while offering far more puffs than a standard disposable.

 

Q. Are 10K puff vapes legal in the UK?

Yes. All the devices in this guide are fully UK TPD compliant. They use a 2ml prefilled pod and a 10ml refill container — no single component exceeds the legal limits. They're legal to buy and use in the UK.

 

Q. How long does a 10K puff vape actually last?

It depends on how you vape. A light vaper (300-400 puffs/day) might get three to four weeks from one device. A moderate vaper (500-600/day) gets two to three weeks. A heavy vaper (1000+/day) gets around 10 days to two weeks.

 

Q. Which 10K vape has the longest battery life?

The Juicy Pod Novamax 10K has the biggest battery at 2000mAh, followed by the VNSN Quake 10000 at 1500mAh and the Feoba Pro Plus 10K at 1400mAh.

 

Q. Can I refill a 10K puff vape?

No. The pods and refill containers are prefilled and factory-sealed. When the liquid runs out, you replace the pod and refill container with new ones. You don't fill them yourself.

 

Q. Are 10K puff vapes cheaper than disposables?

Yes — significantly. A 10K device costs £7-£10 and gives you 10,000 puffs. That's the equivalent of 16 disposables, which would cost £80-£100. The savings are substantial.

 

Q. Which 10K vape is best for flavour?

The Vaporesso Dojo Blast 10K with its COREX 2.0 mesh coil and the Memers WuKong V10000 with its dual mesh coil are consistently rated as the best for flavour. The Gold Bar XL 10K also delivers excellent, consistent taste.

 

Q. Can I use nicotine salts in a 10K puff vape?

All 10K puff vapes on this list use 20mg nicotine salt e-liquid. That's the standard for prefilled pods in the UK and provides a smooth, satisfying hit that's ideal for ex-smokers.

 

Q. Which 10K vape is best for beginners?

The IVG Pro 10000 is a great starting point — it's simple, reliable, and does everything well. The Crystal Prime 10000 is also a solid budget-friendly option for beginners. If you want adjustable airflow, go for the Feoba Pro Plus 10K.

 

Q. Do 10K vapes leak?

Quality 10K devices are designed with leak-resistant technology, and most vapers report no issues when the pods are installed correctly and the device is stored upright. The Titan X 10K specifically highlights its anti-leak technology as a key feature.

 

📚 How We Tested These Devices

Every device on this list was tested in real-world conditions: used daily across multiple pod fills, charged repeatedly, and vaped at different draw lengths and frequencies. We compared flavour consistency from first puff to last, battery performance over multiple charge cycles, and pod durability. This isn't a list of specs from a brochure — it's based on actual UK vaping experience across weeks of testing.

 

Final Thoughts — Which 10K Puff Vape Should You Buy?

After testing all 20 devices, here's my honest take:

For most people, the IVG Pro 10000 is the safest bet. It's reliable, consistent, and does everything well without any fuss. If you want more flavour options, go for the IVG Smart Max 10K. If battery life is your priority, the Juicy Pod Novamax 10K at 2000mAh is unbeatable.

And if you want the best value, the Gold Bar XL 10K with its Buy 1 Get 1 Free deal gives you 20,000 puffs for under £10.

All 20 devices are available right now at Vape Online Store with free next-day delivery on orders over £40.

✅ Ready to find your perfect 10K puff vape?

Browse the full range of 10,000 puff devices at Vape Online Store.

Shop All 10K Puffs Vapes →

Free next-day delivery over £40 • 4.7/5 Trustpilot (7,950+ reviews)


Can You Mix Different E-Liquids Together? The Complete UK Guide (2026)

What Is Nicotine Salt E-Liquid? The Complete UK Guide (2026)

Leave a comment

Please note, comments need to be approved before they are published.